Residence Policy Index · Issue No 1 · August 2026

Living in Kenya as a foreigner: how the state treats newcomers

The permit stops working the moment you are dismissed, automatically and without notice. And to hire a newcomer, the employer must name a Kenyan who will be trained as their replacement.

81place of 97
49out of 100
DLeague
70-88place interval
In short

Kenya work permit at a glance

Main route
The Class D employment permit. The employer applies, names a Kenyan understudy who will be trained by the foreigner, and proves the vacancy could not be filled locally. There is no salary floor.
Without an employer
The Class G business permit with an investment from $100,000, or the Class N digital nomad permit: foreign income of at least $24,000 a year, fees of $200 plus $1,000 for each year, and no work in Kenya allowed.
Processing time
The state sets no overall deadline: the law gives 14 days only for issuing a permit after the committee's recommendation, and the committee itself has none. In practice 1-6 months. Since January 2025 applications are online only, and the portal often fails.
Cost
KES 20,000 processing plus KES 500,000 for each year (since 2024, up from 200,000); a dependant's pass is KES 10,000. Over five years about KES 2.56 million (about $19,800) for one person, about KES 2.62 million (about $20,300) for a family of three.
The big change
Since December 2025 you cannot change employer from inside Kenya: the old permit is cancelled only against a ticket and proof of departure, and a new one is not processed until you have left.
Permanent residence and citizenship
Permanent residence after 7 years on work permits, the last 3 of them continuously in Kenya. Citizenship by registration after 7 years of lawful residence; dual citizenship is allowed.
Taxes
A progressive scale of 10-35%, with no special regime for newcomers. On $2,500-3,856 a month it comes to about 28-30%.
How newcomers are treated

How Kenya treats foreigners who move there

On paper Kenya looks open: many permit classes, no salary floor, no language or integration exams to live there, and dual citizenship is recognised. But the state makes hiring a foreigner hard and expensive: the employer must prove no Kenyan was found and train a Kenyan to replace the foreigner, there are no shortage lists, and the annual fee rose 2.5 times in 2024.

The country's main story is the gap between a digital shop window and reality. Paper applications have not been accepted since 2025, yet the portal is often down, notifications do not arrive, an application can take up to 10 working days to show as received, and people travel in person to the immigration headquarters in Nairobi to get an answer. The state sets no processing deadline and publishes no refusal statistics.

Pressure on people living on work permits has grown in the past year. Since December 2025, when you leave a job or change employer, the permit is cancelled only after you show a ticket and proof of departure, and a new employer's application is not processed until your exit is confirmed; advisers suggest planning about two weeks abroad. In July 2025 a foreign human rights worker with valid status was deported without being shown a deportation order, and the agency can declare a foreigner undesirable without public criteria.

Status is the most fragile in our sample. By law, when the job ends the permit ceases to be valid automatically, with no notice and no grace period, and your stay becomes unlawful. The law gives no right to stay while a renewal is pending; the bridge is a paid special pass issued at the agency's discretion.

Families have it hard too: a dependant's pass gives no right to work, a spouse needs their own permit through the full procedure, and a child needs a separate pupil's pass for school. Foreigner registration is due within 90 days. Banks ask for a tax PIN, which is issued on the basis of a permit, so opening an account before you have one is difficult.

Passport

What your passport changes

The index score ignores nationality. This is what changes for citizens of specific countries.

US citizens

You need an electronic travel authorisation (eTA) before travelling, usually processed within 3 working days. For work, the same route through a Kenyan employer.

East African Community citizens

Work permits and dependant's passes are free for them, and since 2025 there is a separate simplified Class R permit. Entry without an eTA for up to 180 days.

Citizens of African countries

Citizens of most African countries enter without an eTA for 60 or 90 days. Libya and Somalia are excluded from this regime.

Ukrainian citizens

An eTA is required to enter, usually processed within 3 working days. After that, the same work permit procedure as for everyone.

Russian and Belarusian citizens

When we checked on 9 August 2026 we found no direct nationality restrictions. Entry requires an eTA, usually processed within 3 working days.

Place among 97

Kenya on the common scale

493050658090
Each tick is a country, all 97 on one scale. The bands are leagues, the bold tick is Kenya

The place interval 70-88 shows where the country lands when the data is nudged and the index is recalculated. One place of difference in the table means nothing; a difference of a league means something.

League DYou are a guest herebelow 50 pointsThe state is not building you a future and, to its credit, usually does not hide it. You can come and work; you cannot count on permanent status, full family rights or protection when you lose your job.
What the score is made of

Seven categories

Agency processing37
Pressure on newcomers37
Status security38
Access to entry70
Path to citizenship67
Family rights48
Settling in62

The thin mark on each bar is the average across 97 countries

The strongest category here is Access to entry: 70 out of 100, against a 97-state average of 65.7. The weakest is Agency processing: 37 against 48.7. Above the world average: 2 out of 7.

Where the index stops answering

This score was not calculated about you

All 97 states are calculated for one applicant: 35 years old, income of $2,500 and $3,856 a month before tax, passport not counted, the most accessible route that is actually in use.

Your passport, your income and your family do not change the table. They change which of its lines apply to you. A different income makes entry read differently, a family makes the family category read differently, and your passport makes everything read differently.

Questions and answers

Questions about moving to Kenya

How long does a Kenyan work permit take?

The state sets no overall deadline; in practice it takes 1-6 months. Just getting the application to show as received on the portal can take up to 10 working days.

Can I get residency in Kenya without an employer?

Yes, but either expensively or without the right to work locally. The Class G business permit needs an investment from $100,000, while the Class N digital nomad permit needs foreign income of at least $24,000 a year and bans work in Kenya.

How much does a Kenyan work permit cost?

KES 500,000 for each year plus KES 20,000 processing, and KES 10,000 for a dependant's pass. Over five years about KES 2.56 million (about $19,800) for one person, about KES 2.62 million (about $20,300) for a family of three.

Can I lose my residence permit in Kenya?

Yes, instantly: when the job ends, the permit ceases to be valid automatically, with no grace period. Since December 2025 you must leave the country before moving to a new employer.

When can I get permanent residence and citizenship in Kenya?

Permanent residence after 7 years on work permits, the last 3 continuously in Kenya. Citizenship by registration after 7 years of lawful residence, with an understanding of Kiswahili or a local language; dual citizenship is allowed.

Are expats welcome in Kenya?

The doors are formally open, but hiring a foreigner is costly and full of conditions, the portal is unreliable, and status depends on the employer and breaks on the day you leave the job. Since late 2025 the agency has become tougher on people already living there.

Nearby in the table

Neighbours by place

How this is calculated

Method and sources

97 states, 26 indicators, seven categories, 2,522 scores. Every score has a source and a source class: primary means the texts of laws and government portals; reliable secondary means reports by international organisations, tax reviews by audit firms and specialist legal publications; weak means community posts and single secondary sources. The classes add up to a confidence level for the country, and a country with low confidence gets neither a score nor a place.

Every indicator is scored against a fixed ruler, not against its neighbours. Adding new countries therefore does not move the old ones, and a change in a score means a change in policy and nothing else.

A high place does not mean a good country. It means one thing: the state machine treats newcomers predictably and by the rules. Living there may be expensive, dull or hot; that is not our question.

We make mistakes and we will go on making them: policy changes faster than any database. Our answer is not a pose of infallibility but a visible trail of corrections. Every correction is published: what it was, what it became, the source and the reason for the error. The corrections log opens with the second issue, together with the first block of changes.