Residence Policy Index · Issue No 1 · August 2026

Living in the United States as a foreigner: how the state treats newcomers

Zero out of a hundred for pressure on newcomers. The only such zero in the index.

red flag
91place of 97
45out of 100
DLeague
86-94place interval
In short

US immigration at a glance

Main route
The H-1B work visa through a sponsoring employer. The cap of 85,000 a year has not changed since 2006, and since 27 February 2026 the lottery is weighted by wage level: one entry at entry level, four at the top level. The FY2027 cap was filled by 17 July 2026.
Without an employer
Practically impossible. There is no remote work or self-employment visa, O-1 also needs a petitioner, investment routes start at $800,000 (EB-5) and at $1 million plus a $15,000 fee (the "gold card" since 18 December 2025), and E-2 is only for treaty country nationals.
Processing time
USCIS's own goal for the petition is 2 months; in July 2026 it actually took 9-10.5 months. Premium processing gives 15 working days for $2,965. Since 2 September 2025 an in-person consular interview is mandatory, with months-long waits at many posts.
Cost
H-1B fees are paid by the employer: petition $780 ($730 online), fraud prevention fee $500, training fee $750 or $1,500. A court struck down the $100,000 fee on new petitions in June 2026; the appeal continues. At the green card stage a family of three pays about $6,100 in government fees.
Green card and citizenship
An employer-sponsored green card realistically takes 5-8 years from arrival. Citizenship after 5 years as a green card holder, 10-13 years in all; dual citizenship is permitted.
Taxes
Federal brackets of 10/12/22%, 11.2-11.5% on a typical salary, plus state tax. Tax residents pay on worldwide income from year one, and since 1 January 2026 a 1% excise applies to remittances sent abroad.
The big change
From 15 September 2026 students get a fixed period of up to 4 years instead of duration of status, and the grace period is cut from 60 to 30 days. Since 15 December 2025 social media is also screened for H-1B applicants and their families.
How newcomers are treated

How the US treats foreigners who move there

Once you are through the selection, much works smoothly: only 2.1% of filed H-1B petitions were denied in FY2025, the family gets visas together with the worker with no income threshold, free public school is open to any child regardless of status, and a bank account opens with a passport and an address. There are no language or integration exams for living there. The main filter comes earlier: the lottery and the sponsor.

Pressure on legal residents is now the strongest in our sample. In spring 2025 more than 4,700 international student records in SEVIS were terminated without notice and restored after lawsuits. In April 2025 hundreds of thousands of people who had entered legally through the CBP One app received letters telling them to leave, and about 900,000 lost their status; on 31 March 2026 a court ruled the procedure unlawful, and on 21 April DHS restarted the terminations under a corrected procedure. Temporary protected status was ended early for hundreds of thousands, and student visas already issued were revoked.

Rules change on the fly. Since 30 October 2025 work permits are no longer extended automatically, so working spouses lose the right to work in the gap between renewals. The $100,000 fee was introduced by proclamation with two days' notice and lasted nine months until a court struck it down. Since 11 April 2025 every foreigner aged 14 or over must register, carry proof and report a change of address within 10 days or face fines or criminal penalties.

If you lose your job, there is a grace period of up to 60 days, but at the agency's discretion, not as of right. Voluntary departure is also discretionary, granted by a judge or DHS, and in 2025-2026 detention of former legal residents stopped being an exception. Changing employers is easier: you can start with the new one once its petition is filed, and with a renewal filed on time you can stay up to 240 days awaiting the decision.

A worker's spouse on an H-4 visa cannot work by default: a permit comes only after the first green card stage is approved, usually years later. For people born in countries with long queues, the road to a green card can stretch over decades.

Passport

What your passport changes

The index score ignores nationality. This is what changes for citizens of specific countries.

Nationals of the 39 restricted countries

Since 1 January 2026 entry is fully suspended for nationals of 19 countries, including Afghanistan, Iran, Burma, Syria, Somalia, Haiti and Laos, and for holders of Palestinian Authority travel documents, and partly suspended for 20 more, including Cuba, Venezuela and Nigeria. The general picture on this page does not apply to them.

Nationals of Canada, Mexico, Australia, Singapore and Chile

They have their own work visas that bypass the H-1B lottery: TN for Canada and Mexico with no cap, E-3 for Australia (10,500 a year), H-1B1 for Singapore and Chile (6,800).

People born in India and China

The employer-sponsored green card queue is counted by country of birth and stretches over decades for them.

Ukrainian citizens

Ukraine is not on the list of 39 countries facing entry restrictions since 1 January 2026. For work, the same route as for everyone: H-1B through a sponsor and the lottery.

Russian and Belarusian citizens

Neither country is on the list of 39 countries whose nationals have faced full or partial entry suspension since 1 January 2026. The E-2 investor visa is not available to them: neither is a treaty country.

Place among 97

United States on the common scale

453050658090
Each tick is a country, all 97 on one scale. The bands are leagues, the bold tick is United States

The place interval 86-94 shows where the country lands when the data is nudged and the index is recalculated. One place of difference in the table means nothing; a difference of a league means something.

League DYou are a guest herebelow 50 pointsThe state is not building you a future and, to its credit, usually does not hide it. You can come and work; you cannot count on permanent status, full family rights or protection when you lose your job.

Red flagOne of the three core categories, how the agencies work, pressure on newcomers or the reliability of status, has fallen below the critical mark. The score is capped: a disaster in the core is not cured by comforts at the edges.

What the score is made of

Seven categories

Agency processing43
Pressure on newcomers0
Status security56
Access to entry24
Path to citizenship40
Family rights88
Settling in82

The thin mark on each bar is the average across 97 countries

The strongest category here is Family rights: 88 out of 100, against a 97-state average of 72.2. The weakest is Pressure on newcomers: 0 against 65.2. Above the world average: 2 out of 7.

The close-up

What sits behind the score of United States

The zero appears three times: for pressure events, for the cost of losing status, and for statuses revoked retroactively. In spring 2025 more than 4,700 records were annulled without notice in the system that tracks legal students, parole already in force was cancelled, and temporary protected status was ended early for hundreds of thousands of people.

There is no grace period to find a new employer, and only a court may allow you to leave voluntarily, at its own discretion. The immigration service's own target is two months; the actual time as of July 2026 is nine to ten and a half months, five times longer than promised. Access to entry scores 24: a sponsored work visa remains the only route at scale, and since February 2026 the lottery has been weighted by salary level.

UpsideFamily scores 88, and a bank account is opened on a passport, without a social security number.

Where the index stops answering

This score was not calculated about you

All 97 states are calculated for one applicant: 35 years old, income of $2,500 and $3,856 a month before tax, passport not counted, the most accessible route that is actually in use.

Your passport, your income and your family do not change the table. They change which of its lines apply to you. A different income makes entry read differently, a family makes the family category read differently, and your passport makes everything read differently.

Questions and answers

Questions about moving to the US

How long does a US work visa take?

First the annual H-1B lottery, then the petition: 2 months by USCIS's goal, 9-10.5 months in practice in 2026, or 15 working days for $2,965. Then an in-person consular interview, with months-long waits in many countries.

Can I move to the US without a job offer?

Practically no: there is no remote work or self-employment visa. Without a sponsor you are left with investment from $800,000, the gold card from $1 million, or the O-1 visa for extraordinary ability, which also needs a petitioner.

How much does it cost to immigrate to the US?

H-1B fees, from $2,030, are paid by the employer. The mover pays the green card stage fees: $1,440 per application for everyone aged 14 or over, and about $6,100 for a family of three including work and travel permits.

Can I lose my status in the US?

Yes. After a layoff, the grace period of up to 60 days is discretionary, and in 2025-2026 the government cancelled statuses already granted on a mass scale; courts have ruled some of those cancellations unlawful.

When can I get a green card and citizenship in the US?

An employer-sponsored green card realistically takes 5-8 years from arrival, citizenship another 5, 10-13 years in all. You need basic English and the civics test: since 2025, 20 questions from a pool of 128, with 12 correct to pass.

Are expats welcome in the US?

In 2025-2026 the government is running its harshest immigration campaign in decades, and it reaches legal residents: status cancellations, social media checks, mandatory registration. Once you are through the selection, daily life and family rights work well, but status has become far less secure.

Comparisons

United States compared

Nearby in the table

Neighbours by place

How this is calculated

Method and sources

97 states, 26 indicators, seven categories, 2,522 scores. Every score has a source and a source class: primary means the texts of laws and government portals; reliable secondary means reports by international organisations, tax reviews by audit firms and specialist legal publications; weak means community posts and single secondary sources. The classes add up to a confidence level for the country, and a country with low confidence gets neither a score nor a place.

Every indicator is scored against a fixed ruler, not against its neighbours. Adding new countries therefore does not move the old ones, and a change in a score means a change in policy and nothing else.

A high place does not mean a good country. It means one thing: the state machine treats newcomers predictably and by the rules. Living there may be expensive, dull or hot; that is not our question.

We make mistakes and we will go on making them: policy changes faster than any database. Our answer is not a pose of infallibility but a visible trail of corrections. Every correction is published: what it was, what it became, the source and the reason for the error. The corrections log opens with the second issue, together with the first block of changes.