Country list · Residence Policy Index

Best countries to move to with family: where the state keeps families together

In short: of the 97 countries we track, 40 are family-friendly: you can bring your spouse and children at once or quickly, the spouse can usually work without a separate permit, and the income threshold is within reach. Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, the UK, Romania, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Armenia and Peru score highest. Another 24 countries admit families with caveats: in Portugal, Greece and Poland you can bring them only after 2 years, and in the US, Turkey and Kazakhstan the spouse cannot work without their own permit.

40family-friendly countries
24of them in Europe
24more with caveats
33harder with a family
Family-friendly

The easiest countries to move to with family

80 or more out of 100 for family rights in our ranking: you can bring your family at once or quickly, the spouse can usually work without a separate permit, and the income threshold is within reach. Within each group, countries are in alphabetical order.

Europe · 24

Albania

A family reunification permit if the sponsor holds a permit of at least one year, housing and insurance for the family
Family rights
92 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away: the right is written into the family permit itself, no separate permit needed
Income threshold
No fixed amount: the family must support itself without welfare
Processing time
The same online e-Albania procedure, usually 1-3 months
School
State school is free for foreign children by law
Note
The state publishes no refusal data, so practice is known only from lawyers' accounts.
Moving to Albania · 1st of 97 →

Austria

Spouse and children get the Red-White-Red Card plus; they can apply at once, with no quota
Family rights
82 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away: the card plus gives free access to the labour market
Income threshold
€2,064.12 for a couple and €201.88 per child, but rent is deducted: in Vienna a couple needs ≈€2,700-2,900 net
Processing time
Up to 6 months by law, 6-12 months or longer in practice
School
State school is free and compulsory for all resident children
Note
The spouse needs A1 German before arriving.
Moving to Austria · 53rd of 97 →

Bulgaria

The family of an EU Blue Card holder can join at any time while the card is valid, no waiting period
Family rights
80 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, but with a separate Employment Agency permit under a simplified procedure
Income threshold
No separate threshold: the Blue Card salary already covers the requirement
Processing time
No legal deadline stated; the D visa then card chain takes about 2-4 months
School
Free state school for children of legal residents, unconditionally
Note
These rules are for the EU Blue Card with a salary from €23,500 a year; the spouse's work needs a separate permit.
Moving to Bulgaria · 10th of 97 →

Denmark

A worker's family can apply right away, even together with the worker
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, without a separate permit; one is needed only to work for the main applicant's employer
Income threshold
No financial guarantee: the worker's salary has already been checked
Processing time
The agency's target is 2 months, up to 3 if documents are requested
School
State school (folkeskole) is free for all resident children
Note
These rules cover a worker's family; the general reunification route is one of the strictest in the EU.
Moving to Denmark · 41st of 97 →

Estonia

Spouse and children get their own permit and can apply at once, with no waiting period and outside the quota
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, without restrictions, from the moment they get their own permit
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: twice the subsistence minimum for a spouse, a few hundred euros a month
Processing time
Up to 90 days by the rules; no data on actual times, longer via an embassy
School
State school is free for all resident children
Note
Schools are switching to teaching in Estonian by 2030.
Moving to Estonia · 22nd of 97 →

Germany

A family reunification permit; the spouse needs neither A1 German nor proof of housing
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, without restrictions from the moment the permit is issued
Income threshold
No numeric threshold: the whole family's living costs must be covered
Processing time
By law up to 9 months, in practice 3-9 months
School
State school is free and compulsory for all resident children
Note
Income is checked case by case: a modest salary with two children may fall short.
Moving to Germany · 50th of 97 →

Iceland

A specialist's spouse and children can apply for residence at once, with no waiting period
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away: the law exempts a specialist's spouse from needing a work permit
Income threshold
ISK 415,922 a month for a couple, well below the average wage
Processing time
No deadline in law; in summer 2026 family applications waited about 11 months
School
State school is free for all resident children
Note
The worker gets a decision in about 3 months, the family in almost a year.
Moving to Iceland · 25th of 97 →

Ireland

A critical skills permit holder brings a spouse and children straight away
Family rights
92 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once: Stamp 1G, employment with any employer, no self-employment
Income threshold
No separate threshold: the permit salary is deemed enough
Processing time
Official target 6 months, in practice 12-14
School
State school is free for all resident children
Note
This applies to critical skills: with a general work permit the family waits 12 months and housing must be shown.
Moving to Ireland · 17th of 97 →

Italy

Family reunification: first a nulla osta clearance, then a family residence permit
Family rights
92 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away: the family permit allows employment and self-employment
Income threshold
From €7,003 a year plus 50% per family member, about €10,500 with a spouse
Processing time
By law the nulla osta within 150 days, in practice 3-6 months overall
School
School is compulsory for all children; no residence permit is required to enrol
Note
The rules are generous, but in big cities documents take months.
Moving to Italy · 75th of 97 →

Latvia

A family member permit tied to the main applicant's; if theirs is revoked, so is the family's
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, without restrictions
Income threshold
€780 a month plus €234 for each minor child
Processing time
By law 30 days, up to 4 months if needed; 10 or 5 working days for an extra fee
School
Free state school for children of legal residents
Note
Since 15.09.2026 a student may bring family only as a doctoral student or a citizen of certain countries
Moving to Latvia · 76th of 97 →

Lithuania

Only after the worker has lived in Lithuania for 2 years and holds a permit valid for 1 more year
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away, no work permit needed
Income threshold
Roughly the minimum wage per family member
Processing time
Processing takes 2-4 months, but only after the two-year wait
School
Children with a residence permit attend state school for free
Note
Only highly qualified specialists with an EU Blue Card can bring the family without the two-year wait.
Moving to Lithuania · 66th of 97 →

Luxembourg

A family member permit through reunification, with stable income and housing
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away: employment or self-employment, no labour market test
Income threshold
Income at minimum wage level (€2,771.33 from 1 June 2026) and adequate housing
Processing time
Up to 9 months by law, usually faster in practice
School
Free and compulsory for all resident children, with support for non-native speakers
Note
The spouse's right to work at once dates from September 2023; the bottleneck is the decision time of up to 9 months.
Moving to Luxembourg · 11th of 97 →

Moldova

The family can come right away, with no waiting period
Family rights
80 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, on a family reunification permit without a separate work permit
Income threshold
On renewal at least the average wage (17,400 lei, ≈€880) per family member
Processing time
By law: approval in 10 working days, a decision within 30 days
School
Free state school, Russian-language schools are available
Note
A new law on foreigners from 1 June 2027 will add checks of funds and housing.
Moving to Moldova · 39th of 97 →

Montenegro

The family can apply only after the main applicant has received the residence card
Family rights
80 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
After one year with the permit; no separate permit needed after that
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: sufficient means at subsistence level
Processing time
By law about 40 days, but applying after the main card stretches it to several months
School
Free state school for children of legal residents
Note
The main applicant's permit ends with the employment contract, with no job-search period
Moving to Montenegro · 54th of 97 →

Netherlands

Family member permit alongside the highly skilled migrant permit, no waiting period
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, from day one with the status, no separate permit
Income threshold
€2,337 a month gross from 1 July 2026, below the average wage
Processing time
Up to 90 days by law, usually 2-6 weeks through a recognised sponsor
School
Free and compulsory for all children aged 5-16, regardless of status
Note
Fees are €254 for a spouse and €85 for a child; the income norm is reset on 1 January and 1 July.
Moving to the Netherlands · 16th of 97 →

North Macedonia

Reunification once the worker holds a one-year permit; the first is sometimes issued for six months
Family rights
80 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
The law gives the right, but it is arranged separately and on the law's terms
Income threshold
No set figure: stable and regular sources of income are required
Processing time
60 working days by law when applying through an embassy, plus a possible 30
School
State school is free, children with legal status are enrolled
Note
The worker's permit is issued for a year at most and is withdrawn when the employment contract ends.
Moving to North Macedonia · 45th of 97 →

Norway

Family immigration permit joining a skilled worker permit holder
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once with the family permit, in any job, no separate permit
Income threshold
Since 1 February 2025: future income from NOK 436,957 a year plus NOK 409,972 for the past year
Processing time
No legal deadline; in practice up to 12 months depending on nationality; Oslo police up to 28 weeks
School
State school is free and compulsory for all resident children
Note
The income requirement rose in 2025 and also applies when family permits are renewed.
Moving to Norway · 33rd of 97 →

Romania

Reunification with the worker: approval, then a visa and a family member's permit
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes: the family reunification permit gives access to the labour market
Income threshold
The gross minimum wage per family member, below the average wage
Processing time
By law 30 days for the family member's permit, the whole chain with approval and visa within 3 months
School
Free state school, unconditional access
Note
The income threshold is counted per family member, so it rises with each child.
Moving to Romania · 13th of 97 →

Serbia

Family permits follow the same procedure and deadlines as the main applicant's
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, from the day the first family permit is granted, no separate permit
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: means of subsistence and housing
Processing time
By law the same as the main permit, 15 days; in practice 1.5-2 months
School
Free state school for residents' children
Note
The agency misses its deadlines, and "security threat" refusals come without reasons
Moving to Serbia · 20th of 97 →

Slovakia

A family reunification permit; you can apply at once, with no minimum stay for the sponsor
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No separate permit, but the spouse can be hired only after 9 months of living in the country
Income threshold
Sponsor income at the subsistence minimum for each family member
Processing time
90 days by law; before filing you have to wait for an appointment at the foreign police
School
Free state school, with unconditional access for children of legal residents
Note
The permit requires a housing document from the landlord, and not every landlord will provide one
Moving to Slovakia · 31st of 97 →

Spain

A remote worker's family applies with them or later; general reunification after a year of residence
Family rights
92 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, the family permit already includes work, no separate permit
Income threshold
General reunification: €900 a month for a family of two, plus €300 per extra member
Processing time
General reunification by law about 5 months incl. visa; fingerprint slots in big cities take 3-6 months
School
Children aged 6-16 attend state school regardless of status
Note
Since 2026 remote worker permits are rechecked and ended if there is no social security registration
Moving to Spain · 32nd of 97 →

Sweden

The family applies together with the worker or later; no minimum stay for the sponsor
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once: the partner gets a permit with the right to work in any occupation
Income threshold
Low: a "normal amount" left after rent, a few thousand kronor per family member
Processing time
Up to 9 months by law; in practice 75% of complete applications in 2 months, incomplete in 12
School
Free state school for all resident children
Note
A high entry bar: the main applicant needs a salary of at least SEK 34,470 a month
Moving to Sweden · 43rd of 97 →

Switzerland

No waiting period: apply within 5 years, within 12 months for children over 12
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, immediately, no separate permit
Income threshold
No set figure: suitable housing and no reliance on welfare
Processing time
No deadline set by law: cantonal decision, SEM approval, then a D visa
School
State school is free and compulsory for all resident children
Note
Arriving family need A1 language or a course booking; B permit holders' families are admitted at cantonal discretion
Moving to Switzerland · 70th of 97 →

United Kingdom

Spouse and children apply for dependant visas at the same time as the worker
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away and almost without limits: only not as a sportsperson or coach
Income threshold
No threshold: a one-off cushion of £285 for a partner and £315 for the first child
Processing time
Dependant decisions take about 3 weeks
School
State school is free for children with any legal status
Note
Costly: health surcharge £1,035 a year per adult and £776 per child; five years for a family of three £19,084.
Moving to the UK · 42nd of 97 →

Rest of the world · 16

Argentina

The spouse gets their own temporary residence through family reunification
Family rights
92 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, straight away with the residence, no separate permit
Income threshold
No set figure: show regular income with 3 months of statements
Processing time
No deadline in law; in practice a decision takes 3-6 months
School
Primary and secondary school are open to children regardless of status
Note
Since 2025 healthcare and state universities are paid for everyone except permanent residents.
Moving to Argentina · 26th of 97 →

Armenia

A separate residence permit as a resident's family member, under the general procedure
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes: family members of a resident are exempt from work permits
Income threshold
No income threshold: proof of kinship and of sufficient funds, with no set amount
Processing time
About 30 days by law, but the wait for a filing appointment is about 4 months
School
Free state school that accepts foreign children; Russian-language classes exist
Note
From 1 November 2026 annual quotas apply: a valid application can be refused once the quota is used up
Moving to Armenia · 24th of 97 →

Australia

Spouse and children join the same application and get their visas together with the main applicant
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, without restrictions from the day the visa is granted
Income threshold
No separate threshold for the family, only the general self-support requirement
Processing time
Together with the main visa; no legal deadline, the department publishes actual processing times
School
Free with permanent residence; on a temporary 482 visa in New South Wales AUD 5,600-6,400 a year
Note
A family on a temporary visa should budget for state school fees in advance.
Moving to Australia · 2nd of 97 →

Brazil

The whole family files one digital application with the main applicant (since October 2025)
Family rights
92 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once and on a par with citizens, no separate permit
Income threshold
No formal income threshold for the family
Processing time
No legal deadline stated; in practice about 3-6 months in big cities due to Federal Police queues
School
Free state school whatever the immigration status (guaranteed by the Constitution)
Note
The main delay is not the decision but the Federal Police registration appointment.
Moving to Brazil · 7th of 97 →

Canada

The family is included in the main applicant's application and gets permanent residence at once
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, from day one: the spouse gets the same permanent status with full work rights
Income threshold
No income threshold: only one-off settlement funds, about C$19,000 for two people
Processing time
No separate wait; the standard is 6 months, in practice 6-7 months
School
Free state school for residents' children
Note
Selection has tightened: in 2025 about 69% of applications from abroad were approved
Moving to Canada · 6th of 97 →

Chile

Spouse and children get temporary residence as dependants; they can also apply from inside Chile
Family rights
85 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, with the status itself, no separate permit
Income threshold
No fixed amount: means for basic needs under Social Development Ministry standards
Processing time
By law up to 6 months; in practice about 10 months from abroad and about 16 from inside
School
School access regardless of migration status
Note
Queues are the main problem; since 2025 dependants' permanent residence needs extra documents
Moving to Chile · 14th of 97 →

Ecuador

The family applies together with the main applicant, in the same process, for a dependant visa
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Not automatically: a separate work authorisation or their own visa category is needed
Income threshold
An extra $250 a month on top of the main applicant's income for each dependant
Processing time
About 60 days as a guide, with no guarantee; often around 3 months
School
State school is open to children regardless of immigration status
Note
With apostilles the whole process takes 6-8 months, but permanent residence opens after 21 months.
Moving to Ecuador · 9th of 97 →

Japan

Spouse and children get Dependent status via a Certificate of Eligibility
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only with a separate permit, up to 28 hours a week; fully for spouses of points-based professionals
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: you must show you can support the family
Processing time
Officially 1-3 months for the certificate plus 5 working days for the visa; family cases run 100+ days
School
State school is free; foreign children are admitted regardless of status
Note
From June 2027 unpaid pension or health contributions mean any status renewal is refused
Moving to Japan · 8th of 97 →

Kyrgyzstan

A family permit based on proof of kinship and the main applicant's means
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only on their own basis: their own permit or status
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: general proof of means
Processing time
A family permit is issued within 1-2 months
School
Free state school, teaching not only in Kyrgyz
Note
The Single Permit procedure for workers is temporary, until the end of 2026.
Moving to Kyrgyzstan · 4th of 97 →

Mauritius

Dependant permits are filed with the main occupation permit or later
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only with their own work permit on a separate application; dependants may not work
Income threshold
No separate threshold for dependants
School
Free state school; residents' children are enrolled without special conditions
Note
The spouse can work only after getting their own permit, so plan the family budget around it.
Moving to Mauritius · 18th of 97 →

New Zealand

The partner and children apply for visas in parallel with the AEWV work visa holder
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only if the main applicant earns NZ$28 an hour or more, NZ$52.50 in lower-skilled roles
Income threshold
For a partner, a sponsor wage of NZ$28 an hour; for children, NZ$55,844 a year in 2025
Processing time
Filed in parallel; for the partner visa, 80% of decisions within 6 weeks
School
Children of work visa holders attend state school free, like local children
Note
Below the threshold the partner cannot work at all; above it, self-employment is allowed from 20 April 2026
Moving to New Zealand · 3rd of 97 →

Paraguay

The spouse and children apply for their own temporary residence alongside the main applicant
Family rights
92 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once: their own residence includes the right to work, no separate permit
Income threshold
No threshold: means of support; for a spouse, the resident's declaration of support is enough
Processing time
A guide of 1-3 months, over three in 2026; then 3 months or more for the ID card
School
Free state school, taught in Spanish and Guarani
Note
Applications are filed in person in a walk-in queue in Asunción, and without the ID card a bank account is hard to open
Moving to Paraguay · 12th of 97 →

Peru

Family-member-of-a-resident status; you can apply as soon as the main applicant has residence
Family rights
100 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once: the family status itself allows both employment and self-employment
Income threshold
No threshold: you prove the family tie and the main applicant's status
Processing time
By law 30 working days; in practice 15-25 working days, up to 2-4 months with appointments and the card
School
State school is open to children whatever their immigration status
Note
The lowest state fees in our sample: about $57 over five years for a family of three.
Moving to Peru · 23rd of 97 →

South Korea

An F-3 dependent visa for the spouse and children of an E-7 holder, only via a consulate abroad
Family rights
80 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only with a separate permit, in certain sectors, often with a Korean language condition
Income threshold
Since July 2025 a threshold by family size: ₩3,048,887 a month for a family of four
Processing time
Filing only through a consulate; family entry now takes about 4 months
School
State schools accept any child regardless of status; primary school is free
Note
Since 22 April 2026 the spouse's work permit is issued as a single permit and applied for online
Moving to South Korea · 15th of 97 →

Taiwan

Spouse and children apply for a resident visa with the worker or right after arrival
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only with a separate Ministry of Labour permit under a simplified procedure
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: the worker must be able to support the family
Processing time
Resident visa officially within 10 working days, then the ARC card in 5-10
School
Children with an ARC go to state school, taught in Chinese
Note
A spouse can work straight away only with a Gold Card holder, and that needs a salary of NT$160,000 a month.
Moving to Taiwan · 5th of 97 →

United States

The H-4 visa is filed with the H-1B, so the family arrives with the worker
Family rights
88 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Not by default: a permit only after the first green card stage, usually years later
Income threshold
No separate threshold, only visa fees
Processing time
Issued together with the H-1B, but the interview queue can add months
School
Free state school for any child, regardless of status
Note
First come the H-1B lottery and a sponsor; since December 2025 family members' social media are checked too.
Moving to the US · 91st of 97 →
With caveats

Possible with family, but with caveats

65 to 79 points: one thing gets in the way: a wait before you can bring your family, a spouse who cannot work without their own permit, a high income threshold or slow processing.

Europe · 10

Belarus

A temporary resident's family gets permits with no waiting period
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only with their own work permit, like any foreigner
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: a lawful source of funds is needed
Processing time
By law 15 days (30 for marriage), the e-pasluga.by portal states 30 days
School
Free state school, teaching in Russian is widely available
Note
Everything depends on the employer: when the contract ends, the worker loses the basis for the permit.
Moving to Belarus · 83rd of 97 →

Belgium

Family reunification with a holder of the single work and residence permit
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once as an employee, no separate permit; self-employment needs a professional card
Income threshold
€2,408.79 a month net in 2026 plus 10% for each additional family member
Processing time
By law 9 months, extendable to 15; 15 days if the main applicant earns €5,000 gross or more
School
State school is free and compulsory for all resident children
Note
Rules have been stricter since 18 August 2025: for a family of 3-4 the threshold exceeds the average wage.
Moving to Belgium · 19th of 97 →

Czechia

Residence for family cohabitation; the employee card holder must have lived in the country over 6 months
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once: the family permit gives free access to the labour market
Income threshold
The family members' subsistence minimums plus housing costs, well below the average wage
Processing time
By law the consulate takes up to 270 days; with the 6-month wait about 15 months in total
School
Compulsory school is free for all children whatever the parents' status
Note
A notable cost: compulsory health insurance for non-working family members.
Moving to the Czech Republic · 36th of 97 →

Finland

A worker's family can apply right away, even together with the worker
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, without restrictions, together with the status
Income threshold
€2,910 a month net for a family of four (capital region)
Processing time
By law up to 9 months; the agency does not publish actual times
School
Basic education is free for all resident children
Note
The income threshold is about 90-95% of the average wage, and family applications face backlogs.
Moving to Finland · 27th of 97 →

France

Family reunification (regroupement familial) after 18 months of legal residence
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, with the status: the "private and family life" card includes the right to work
Income threshold
At least the SMIC over 12 months: €1,867.02 a month for a family of 2-3, €2,053.72 for 4-5
Processing time
The prefect decides within 6 months, silence means refusal; at least 24 months including the wait
School
State school is free and compulsory for all children aged 3-16
Note
18 months of residence before applying: the Constitutional Council struck down a 24-month rule in 2024
Moving to France · 38th of 97 →

Greece

Reunification only after the main applicant's 2 years of legal residence
Family rights
65 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, with the permit, no separate work permit needed
Income threshold
Minimum wage (€920 gross) plus 20% for a spouse and 15% per child
Processing time
The law sets no specific deadline: the general one is 2 months, the EU limit 9 months
School
Free state school, access set in law
Note
A two-year wait: the law does not allow an earlier reunification application.
Moving to Greece · 34th of 97 →

Hungary

A family residence permit, available at once: no prior residence period for the sponsor
Family rights
78 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
After a year on the family permit, without a work permit; in the first year via a single application with a work annex
Income threshold
No figure: "sufficient resources" for living costs, housing, the return trip and healthcare
Processing time
21 days by law (70 with a work annex), about 4 months in practice when extra checks apply
School
Kindergarten and school on the same terms as for citizens
Note
Since December 2025 officials allow first-year family work only for citizens of certain countries; lawyers dispute it.
Moving to Hungary · 46th of 97 →

Malta

Reunification only 12 months after the main applicant's first permit
Family rights
65 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: they need their own Single Permit, and taking a job ends their family member status
Income threshold
€18,940 a year plus 20% per family member: about €22,728 with a spouse
Processing time
Officially a decision within 60 days; actual times are not published
School
Free state school for children of legal residents
Note
The main applicant's permit is valid only while they hold the stated job
Moving to Malta · 63rd of 97 →

Poland

Reunification only after the main applicant has lived in Poland for 2 years on temporary residence
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, the family permit gives free access to the labour market, no separate permit needed
Income threshold
At the level of social assistance criteria: a few hundred zloty per family member, far below the average wage
Processing time
By law 60 days; in practice 341 days on average, the legal deadline is suspended until 4 March 2027
School
State school is free and compulsory for all children; Polish classes added since 2025
Note
In practice it takes about 3 years from the main applicant's arrival until the family lives together.
Moving to Poland · 64th of 97 →

Portugal

Reunification only after the sponsor has held a permit for 2 years, except for minor children
Family rights
65 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, the reunification permit gives full right to work straight away
Income threshold
Based on the minimum wage: €1,656 a month for a family of three in 2026
Processing time
90 days by law, but you can only apply after the two-year wait
School
State school is open to children regardless of their parents' status
Note
The reunification fee is €99.80 per person; the AIMA agency is overloaded and some decisions are won in court.
Moving to Portugal · 47th of 97 →

Rest of the world · 14

Azerbaijan

A residence permit as a family member of a temporary resident; you can apply at once
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: only through the general procedure with a quota and labour market test, like any foreigner
Income threshold
No income threshold: the law does not require proof of the sponsor's income
Processing time
About 20 working days by law, with no minimum stay for the sponsor; practice not stated
School
Children with legal status are admitted to state schools; Russian-language sections exist
Note
Family permits run only as long as the sponsor's, and a dismissed sponsor has 10 working days to leave
Moving to Azerbaijan · 74th of 97 →

Colombia

Spouse and children get a beneficiary visa through the same online process as the main applicant
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: to work they need their own visa through the standard procedure
Income threshold
No separate threshold: moderate extra means to cover family members
Processing time
Officially up to 30 calendar days; in practice 2-4 weeks alongside the main case
School
State school open regardless of migration status
Note
The end of the main applicant's employment contract is itself grounds to cancel the M visa
Moving to Colombia · 30th of 97 →

Dominican Republic

RT-7 residence for the spouse and minor children once the main applicant's status is confirmed
Family rights
72 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only with separate DGM authorisation; its form and timing are not published
Income threshold
No income threshold: the main applicant's confirmed status and documents
Processing time
Officially 90 working days for RT-7 after the main status; the whole chain takes 8-12 months
School
Free state school for children of legal residents, taught in Spanish
Note
Mass raids against irregular migration also catch legal residents
Moving to the Dominican Republic · 58th of 97 →

El Salvador

Temporary residence "to accompany" a family member, filed alongside the main applicant
Family rights
68 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: a separate permit through the general employer-led procedure, under the same quota
Income threshold
No separate threshold: proof of support is enough
Processing time
45 working days by law, 60-120 days in practice
School
Free state school for residents' children
Note
If the spouse works without a permit, the residence is cancelled
Moving to El Salvador · 40th of 97 →

Israel

Only if the expert's profession requires a higher academic degree; filed together with them
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: the spouse gets a B/2 tourist visa with no right to work
Income threshold
No separate threshold; the expert must earn at least ₪27,132 a month
Processing time
Under the expert procedure, 21 and 30 working days; actual time not stated
School
Children attend state school under the compulsory education law
Note
The status is temporary: the licence is not extended past 63 months, and a work visa leads to no permanent residence.
Moving to Israel without aliyah · 95th of 97 →

Kazakhstan

The family enters on the same work visa at the same time as the worker
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: for the spouse an employer must go through the full procedure again
Income threshold
No income threshold for the family
Processing time
Work visa in 5 working days, up to 30 with an extra check
School
Children of foreigners with registration attend state schools
Note
Status depends on the employer: on dismissal the permit is revoked, with no time to find a new job.
Moving to Kazakhstan · 55th of 97 →

Mexico

Temporary residence on family unity grounds; you can apply as soon as the main applicant has status
Family rights
68 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Not at once: a separate INM permit backed by a job offer is needed, about 15 working days
Income threshold
About MXN 25,800 (≈$1,410) a month per family member on top of your own upkeep
Processing time
By law a consular visa in 10 working days and card exchange in 15, or 20 working days in-country
School
State school is open to children whatever their immigration status
Note
The per-person threshold is several times the national average wage of about MXN 17,000-18,000.
Moving to Mexico · 28th of 97 →

Panama

Dependant residence together with the main applicant or later
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: only a general work permit within the same quota
Income threshold
No separate threshold: around $1,000-2,000 per dependant in a bank account
Processing time
60 working days by law (about 2.8 months), 4-6 months in practice
School
State school is free for residents' children, taught in Spanish
Note
The main route is open only to citizens of a number of countries on an official list, and a lawyer is mandatory.
Moving to Panama · 29th of 97 →

Rwanda

A dependant permit alongside the worker's permit, online via Irembo
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: the spouse needs their own class H permit on general terms
Income threshold
No fixed amount: sufficient means to support dependants
Processing time
Officially 7 days via the Irembo portal
School
12 years of basic education are free, residents' children enrol without conditions
Note
Family permits are cancelled together with the main holder's permit.
Moving to Rwanda · 56th of 97 →

South Africa

Spouse and children get an accompanying visitor's visa and can apply at once
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: the accompanying visa bars work; the spouse needs their own work visa through the standard process
Income threshold
No separate threshold: the main applicant shows sufficient funds
Processing time
60 days by the rules
School
Children are admitted to state schools regardless of immigration status
Note
A right to work for spouses exists only in a reform proposal; the law has not changed yet.
Moving to South Africa · 60th of 97 →

Tunisia

No separate procedure: each family member applies for their own residence card under the general rules
Family rights
70 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Only with a ministry-approved contract and a check that no local candidate is available; nearly closed in practice
Income threshold
No fixed threshold: "sufficient means" at the authorities' discretion
Processing time
No deadline in law; in practice the card takes 2-3 months, with a receipt issued meanwhile
School
Residents' children attend state schools taught in Arabic and French
Note
The card is issued for a year and renewed annually, and legal work is nearly impossible for the family.
Moving to Tunisia · 86th of 97 →

Turkey

Spouse and children get a family ikamet linked to the main applicant's permit
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: a separate work permit through an employer on general terms
Income threshold
Sponsor's income at least the minimum wage plus an extra amount per family member
Processing time
By law up to 90 days; in practice biometrics in 3-6 weeks, decision in 30-90 days
School
Children with an ikamet attend state school for free
Note
Ikamet renewals are increasingly refused with no change in law; refusal statistics are not published
Moving to Turkey · 57th of 97 →

Uruguay

Relatives apply for residence in the general queue, even while the sponsor's own is pending
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
Yes, at once: the country has no work permits, residence status itself allows work
Income threshold
Income at or above the national minimum wage
Processing time
No legal deadline; in practice the general immigration queue, 12-24 months
School
State school regardless of status: refusal over immigration status is banned by law
Note
The rights are generous, but decisions take up to two years and the agency publishes no processing data
Moving to Uruguay · 21st of 97 →

Uzbekistan

The family is included in the main applicant's IT Visa application
Family rights
75 out of 100
Spouse's right to work
No: they need their own basis, a permit through an employer or their own IT Visa
Income threshold
No separate threshold for the family
Processing time
No deadline in law; IT Park reviews the application in 10-30 days
School
State schools are free and accept foreign children
Note
One report says family members had to leave for a visa and got it for a year, against the applicant's three.
Moving to Uzbekistan · 35th of 97 →
No such route

Where it is harder with a family

Under 65 out of 100 for family rights: a long wait before you can bring your family, a high income threshold, a spouse who cannot work, or families admitted only for certain statuses. It is hardest in Belize (12 out of 100), Kuwait (15), Thailand (28), Oman and Qatar (38 each). Details are on each country page.

Questions and answers

Questions about moving with family

Which countries are easiest to move to with family?

As of our check on 1 October 2026, 40 of 97 countries are family-friendly. Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, the UK, Romania, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Armenia and Peru score 100 out of 100 for family rights. In Canada the family files one application with the main applicant and gets permanent residence at once; in the UK dependant visas are issued alongside the worker's in about 3 weeks.

Where can a spouse work straight away?

A spouse can work without a separate permit in, for example, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, Spain, Italy, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. A separate permit is needed in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Mexico, Bulgaria and Ecuador. The spouse gets no right to work in the US (on an H-4 visa by default), Kazakhstan, Turkey, Israel, South Africa, Colombia, Panama and Malta.

Where can I bring my family at once, and where do I have to wait?

At once or together with the main applicant: Canada, the UK, the Netherlands, Denmark, Australia, Brazil, Germany, Sweden and most countries in the first group. You have to wait in Portugal, Greece, Poland and Lithuania (2 years), France (18 months), Malta (12 months) and Czechia (over 6 months of residence); in Ireland holders of an ordinary work permit wait 12 months.

What income do I need to bring my family?

Many countries set no fixed sum: you show that you can support the family (Germany, Serbia, Switzerland, Argentina). Where there is a threshold: the Netherlands €2,337 a month gross, Belgium €2,408.79 net plus 10% for each additional member, Austria €2,064.12 for a couple and €201.88 per child, Finland €2,910 net for a family of four, Latvia €780 plus €234 per child, Portugal €1,656 for a family of three, Spain €900 for two plus €300 for each additional member.

How long does a family residence permit take?

Fast: Rwanda (officially 7 days), the UK (about 3 weeks), Colombia (2-4 weeks), the Netherlands (2-6 weeks through a recognised sponsor), Denmark (2 months). Slow: Iceland (about 11 months), Ireland (12-14 months), Norway (up to 12 months), Poland (341 days on average), Austria (6-12 months), Uruguay (12-24 months).

Will my children go to school for free?

Almost everywhere, yes: state school is free for resident children, and in many countries regardless of status. One exception worth budgeting for: in Australia, on a temporary 482 work visa in New South Wales, state school costs AUD 5,600-6,400 a year. Teaching is usually in the state language: Chinese in Taiwan, Arabic and French in Tunisia.

Where in Europe can I move with family?

24 European countries are family-friendly, including the Netherlands, Denmark, the UK, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland, Estonia, Latvia, Romania, Serbia and Albania. With caveats: France, Belgium, Finland, Czechia, Poland, Hungary, Greece, Portugal, Malta and Belarus.

How this list was built

We took the family rights score from our ranking. It has four indicators: whether the spouse can work, the income threshold for family reunification compared with the average wage, the legal processing time for a family permit, and children's access to state school. We count 80 or more as family-friendly and 65-79 as with caveats. The rules are for the family of a foreigner who got residence on the country's main route: spouse and minor children, not parents. Thresholds, terms and conditions are given as the country pages and the ranking's index cards state them. We do not assess safety, climate or cost of living here: only how the state treats a newcomer's family.

The list is built from the index cards of the 97 countries in our ranking and the country pages, where every fact has a source. Checked 02/10/2026.